Eczema, also called
atopic dermatitis, is manifested by a rash of "weeping" blisters.
Later, the area may become dry and scaly. Eczema occurs most frequently in the
bends of elbows and knees and on the face and neck. It is common in children,
many of whom also have hay fever and allergic asthma. The condition can be
stubborn, especially in adults. Some children benefit when an allergenic food
is found and removed from the diet.
Usual medicines for allergy are not very helpful
for eczema. Treatment is directed toward stopping the itching, since scratching
aggravates the rash. Two possible complications are of concern: adults may
develop cataracts in the eyes after many years; both children and adults with
eczema may have severe reactions to smallpox vaccination. The doctor knows how
to prevent and handle these complications.
In this type of
allergy, which occurs upon direct contact with an offending substance, the
reaction is almost always localized in the skin. There is usually a rash which
clears rapidly when the offend- ing agent is removed. To test for this type of
allergy, suspected offending substances are placed on the skin and covered with
bandages. After one to three days, the sites are inspected to determine whether
any of the substances has produced a small rash typical of the patient's
allergic reaction. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are well-known
contact allergens.
The reactions produced by their oils can be disabling in
particularly sensitive people, especially if the eyes or face are affected.
Sometimes the oils can be washed off with strong laundry soap. Antihistamine is
helpful, plus application of soothing creams or lotions to affected skin areas.
In severe cases,
steroid medicines are given. As we have noted earlier, hair dyes and hair
curling preparations should be tested for allergic sensitivity before use.
Dozens upon dozens of substances can cause local allergic reactions when
applied to the skin. The best preventive measure is to stop wearing or using an
offending item if it can be identified. Often, the patient may suspect what it
is; in other cases, the doctor can help identify it.
Here, according to site,
are some common contact allergens: Scalp: Lotions, tonics, pomades, soap, hair
dyes and rinses, wave sets, shampoos, patent dandruff removers, hair brush
bristles, plastic combs, bathing caps, massage brushes, hair nets, hair pins
and curlers, toupees, wigs.
