DAMPNESS
Tankmen, vatmen, coal miners, and
washers are among those who have to work exposed to almost constant dampness.
As a result, they may suffer from coughs, respiratory troubles, rheumatic dis-
eases, and skin changes. Such workers should be as completely protected as
possible by waterproof clothing, rubber boots and gloves. In addition, efforts
should be made to control dampness by drain channels through which excess water
can be carried away.
ABNORMAL AIR PRESSURES
Tunnel workers and
divers do their jobs under unusually heavy air pressures. In going underground,
tunnel workers travel in a chamber which descends slowly so there is a gradual
increase in air pressure. If the descent is fast, the change in pressure is
distressing. The first sensation is felt in the eardrums and can be relieved by
swallowing. Extremely rapid decrease in pressure can produce the
"bends" in which blood supply from different parts of the body is
blocked off by small air bubbles. Decompression sickness is dangerous and can
be fatal.
It
may develop several hours after a diver has returned too rapidly to the surface.
Treatment usually requires recompression and then gradual decompression. Rising
rapidly to a high altitude, which means entering a lower air pressure
situation, can be just as harmful. Ascent as well as descent should be gradual.
Pilots who ascend too rapidly or take sudden dives may become dizzy, and the
change in pressure may be violent enough to burst their eardrums. Commercial
airliners are pressurized to avoid the effects of high altitudes.
ABNORMAL TEMPERATURES
Steelworkers,
welders, furnace men, blacksmiths, and others may be exposed to very high
temperatures which may lead to heatstroke, heat exhaustion, and cramps. Very
low temperatures may cause frostbite, gangrene, or death. Insulation or air
conditioning and protective clothing can help protect against temperature
extremes and their effects. Additional salt, which can be taken in the form of
tablets, is needed to make up for large amounts lost in perspiration. Relief
periods-providing opportunity to return to normal temperature- are extremely
important. Workers should be on the alert for symptoms and should ask for
relief the moment any symptoms appear. They should also report any colds or
other disturbances to the company doctor or their own physician.
