How Dampness, Abnormal Air pressures and Abnormal Temperatures affect Industrial owrkers health?

DAMPNESS

Tankmen, vatmen, coal miners, and washers are among those who have to work exposed to almost constant dampness. As a result, they may suffer from coughs, respiratory troubles, rheumatic dis- eases, and skin changes. Such workers should be as completely protected as possible by waterproof clothing, rubber boots and gloves. In addition, efforts should be made to control dampness by drain channels through which excess water can be carried away.

ABNORMAL AIR PRESSURES

 Tunnel workers and divers do their jobs under unusually heavy air pressures. In going underground, tunnel workers travel in a chamber which descends slowly so there is a gradual increase in air pressure. If the descent is fast, the change in pressure is distressing. The first sensation is felt in the eardrums and can be relieved by swallowing. Extremely rapid decrease in pressure can produce the "bends" in which blood supply from different parts of the body is blocked off by small air bubbles. Decompression sickness is dangerous and can be fatal.

It may develop several hours after a diver has returned too rapidly to the surface. Treatment usually requires recompression and then gradual decompression. Rising rapidly to a high altitude, which means entering a lower air pressure situation, can be just as harmful. Ascent as well as descent should be gradual. Pilots who ascend too rapidly or take sudden dives may become dizzy, and the change in pressure may be violent enough to burst their eardrums. Commercial airliners are pressurized to avoid the effects of high altitudes.

ABNORMAL TEMPERATURES

Steelworkers, welders, furnace men, blacksmiths, and others may be exposed to very high temperatures which may lead to heatstroke, heat exhaustion, and cramps. Very low temperatures may cause frostbite, gangrene, or death. Insulation or air conditioning and protective clothing can help protect against temperature extremes and their effects. Additional salt, which can be taken in the form of tablets, is needed to make up for large amounts lost in perspiration. Relief periods-providing opportunity to return to normal temperature- are extremely important. Workers should be on the alert for symptoms and should ask for relief the moment any symptoms appear. They should also report any colds or other disturbances to the company doctor or their own physician.